feat(backup): 添加PostgreSQL数据库备份脚本

添加两个备份脚本，pg_backup.sh和pgDump.sh，用于定期备份PostgreSQL数据库。pg_backup.sh支持自动备份所有数据库并保留最近7天的备份，pgDump.sh支持备份单个数据库或表，并生成日志文件。这些脚本通过Docker容器执行备份操作，确保环境一致性。

crontab/posrgres/pgDump.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# @author: cnphpbb@hotmail.com
+# @date: 2025-04-27
+# @desc: PostgreSQL数据库备份脚本
+
+## 基础配置
+TOYEAR=$(date "+%Y")
+TOMONTH=$(date "+%Y%m")
+TODATE=$(date "+%Y%m%d")
+NOWDATE=$(date "+%Y%m%d-%H%M%S")
+BACKDIR=/data/backups/pg_backs # 备份目录
+TARLOGDIR=/data/backups/pg_tar_logs # 日志目录
+DAYDIR=${BACKDIR}/${TOMONTH}/${TODATE}
+BACKLOGSDIR=${TARLOGDIR}/${TOMONTH}/logs/${TODATE}
+BACKTARDIR=${TARLOGDIR}/${TOMONTH}/db_tars
+LOGFILE=${BACKLOGSDIR}/pg-Dump.${NOWDATE}.log
+BACKSQLFILE=""
+FileSize=0
+
+## PostgreSQL配置
+USERNAME=${PGSQL_USER}
+PASSWORD=${PGSQL_PASS}
+HOST=${PGSQL_HOST}
+PORT=${PGSQL_PORT}
+DOCKER_IMAGE="postgres:latest"
+
+## 创建目录
+if [ ! -d "${BACKLOGSDIR}" ]; then
+    mkdir -p ${BACKLOGSDIR}
+fi
+
+if [ ! -d "${BACKTARDIR}" ]; then
+    mkdir -p ${BACKTARDIR}
+fi
+
+cd ${BACKDIR}
+if [ ! -d "${DAYDIR}" ]; then
+    mkdir -vp "$DAYDIR" >> ${LOGFILE}
+fi
+
+## 工具函数
+curTime() {
+  NOWDATE=$(date "+%Y%m%d-%H%M%S")
+}
+
+getLogFile(){
+  curTime
+  LOGFILE=${BACKLOGSDIR}/pg-Dump.${NOWDATE}.log
+}
+
+# 备份整个数据库
+db_full_backup() {
+  curTime
+  BACKSQLFILE=${DAYDIR}/$1-${NOWDATE}.sql
+  docker run --rm \
+    -e PGPASSWORD="${PASSWORD}" \
+    -v "${DAYDIR}:/backups" \
+    "${DOCKER_IMAGE}" \
+    pg_dump -h "${HOST}" -p "${PORT}" -U "${USERNAME}" -d "$1" \
+    --no-password \
+    --clean \
+    --if-exists \
+    -f "/backups/$1-${NOWDATE}.sql"
+  
+  gzip ${BACKSQLFILE}
+  getLogFile
+  if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
+      echo "$NOWDATE PostgreSQL数据库 $1 备份失败!" >> ${LOGFILE}
+  else
+      echo "$NOWDATE PostgreSQL数据库 $1 备份成功!" >> ${LOGFILE}
+  fi
+}
+
+# 备份单个表
+sigle_table_backup(){
+  curTime
+  BACKSQLFILE=${DAYDIR}/$1_$2-${NOWDATE}.sql
+  docker run --rm \
+    -e PGPASSWORD="${PASSWORD}" \
+    -v "${DAYDIR}:/backups" \
+    "${DOCKER_IMAGE}" \
+    pg_dump -h "${HOST}" -p "${PORT}" -U "${USERNAME}" -d "$1" \
+    --no-password \
+    --clean \
+    --if-exists \
+    -t "$2" \
+    -f "/backups/$1_$2-${NOWDATE}.sql"
+    
+  gzip ${BACKSQLFILE}
+  getLogFile
+  if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
+    echo "$NOWDATE PostgreSQL表 $1.$2 备份失败!" >> ${LOGFILE}
+  else
+    echo "$NOWDATE PostgreSQL表 $1.$2 备份成功!" >> ${LOGFILE}
+  fi
+}
+
+selfHelp() {
+  echo "pgDump.sh 帮助文档"
+  echo "-----------------------------------"
+  echo "-h --help 显示帮助信息"
+  echo
+  echo "\$1 数据库名 (备份整个数据库)"
+  echo "示例: pgDump.sh memos_db"
+  echo
+  echo "\$2 表名 (备份单个表)"
+  echo "示例: pgDump.sh memos_db users"
+}
+
+## 主逻辑
+case $1 in
+  -h|--help|help )
+    selfHelp
+  ;;
+  *)
+    if [ $# -eq 1 ]; then
+      echo "开始备份PostgreSQL数据库 $1..."
+      db_full_backup $1
+      FileSize=$(stat -c %s ${BACKSQLFILE})
+      echo "备份文件: ${BACKSQLFILE}  ${FileSize} bytes"
+      echo "完成备份PostgreSQL数据库 $1"
+    else
+      echo "开始备份PostgreSQL表 $1.$2..."
+      sigle_table_backup $1 $2
+      FileSize=$(stat -c %s ${BACKSQLFILE})
+      echo "备份文件: ${BACKSQLFILE}  ${FileSize} bytes"
+      echo "完成备份PostgreSQL表 $1.$2"
+    fi
+  ;;
+esac

crontab/posrgres/pg_backup.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+# PostgreSQL 备份脚本
+# 配置参数
+DB_HOST=${PGSQL_HOST}
+DB_PORT=${PGSQL_PORT}
+DB_USER=${PGSQL_USER}
+DB_PASSWORD=${PGSQL_PASSWORD}
+DOCKER_IMAGE="postgres:latest"
+
+# 备份目录设置
+BACKUP_DIR="/data/backups/posrgres/$(date +%Y)/$(date +%Y%m)"
+DATE=$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S)
+
+# 创建备份目录
+mkdir -p "$BACKUP_DIR"
+
+# 获取用户可以访问的所有数据库列表
+echo "获取可访问数据库列表..."
+DB_LIST=$(docker run --rm \
+    -e PGPASSWORD="${DB_PASSWORD}" \
+    "${DOCKER_IMAGE}" \
+    psql -h "${DB_HOST}" -p "${DB_PORT}" -U "${DB_USER}" -d postgres -t -c "SELECT datname FROM pg_database WHERE datname NOT IN ('template0', 'template1', 'postgres') AND datistemplate = false;")
+
+# 检查数据库列表
+if [ -z "$DB_LIST" ]; then
+    echo "没有找到可备份的数据库"
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+# 备份每个数据库
+for DB_NAME in $DB_LIST; do
+    echo "开始备份数据库 ${DB_NAME}..."
+    BACKUP_FILE="${BACKUP_DIR}/${DB_NAME}_${DATE}.sql"
+    
+    docker run --rm \
+        -e PGPASSWORD="${DB_PASSWORD}" \
+        -v "${BACKUP_DIR}:/backups" \
+        "${DOCKER_IMAGE}" \
+        pg_dump -h "${DB_HOST}" -p "${DB_PORT}" -U "${DB_USER}" -d "${DB_NAME}" \
+        --no-password \
+        --clean \
+        --if-exists \
+        -f "/backups/${DB_NAME}_${DATE}.sql"
+
+    if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
+        echo "备份成功: ${BACKUP_FILE}"
+    else
+        echo "备份失败: ${DB_NAME}"
+    fi
+done
+
+# 保留本月的最近7天备份
+find "$BACKUP_DIR" -name "*_*.sql" -mtime +7 -type f -exec rm -f {} \;
+# 删除非本年&本月的备份目录(仅在每月2号执行)
+if [ $(date +%d) -eq 2 ]; then
+    CURRENT_YEAR=$(date +%Y)
+    CURRENT_MONTH=$(date +%m)
+    find "/data/backups/posrgres/" -maxdepth 1 -type d -name "20*" | while read -r year_dir; do
+        year=$(basename "$year_dir")
+        if [ "$year" != "$CURRENT_YEAR" ]; then
+            echo "删除非本年目录: $year_dir"
+            rm -rf "$year_dir"
+        else
+            find "$year_dir" -maxdepth 1 -type d -name "20*" | while read -r month_dir; do
+                month=$(basename "$month_dir" | cut -c5-6)
+                if [ "$month" != "$CURRENT_MONTH" ]; then
+                    echo "删除非本月目录: $month_dir"
+                    rm -rf "$month_dir"
+                fi
+            done
+        fi
+    done
+fi